AE: Syllabus for Sig. &
Telecommunication Engineering
Networks:
Network
graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and
fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis.
Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer,
Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors.
Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of
simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform:
frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving
point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.
Electronic Devices:
Energy bands
in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon:
diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and
recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT,
JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of
LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation,
diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS
process.
Analog Circuits:
Small Signal
Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode
circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of
transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential
and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple
op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation;
single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.
Digital circuits:
Boolean
algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families
(DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code
converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits:
latches and flip-flops, counters and shift registers. Sample and hold circuits,
ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor (8085): architecture,
programming, memory and I/O interfacing.
Signals and Systems:
Definitions
and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier
series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT,
z-transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions
and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and
zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase
delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.
Control Systems:
Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description,
reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and
stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in
determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis
of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI
control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist
plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation,
elements of Proportional-Integral- Derivative (PID) control. State variable
representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.
Communications:
Random
signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function,
autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems:
amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of
these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations
of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for
amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise
conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem.
Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse
code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and
frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration
and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA
and CDMA and GSM.
Electromagnetics:
Elements of
vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's
equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector.
Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction;
phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic
impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S
parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides;
boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of
propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas:
Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.
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